Static

静态变量

static关键字用于创建只对某一函数可见的变量。然而，和局部变量不同的是，局部变量在每次调用函数时都会被创建和销毁，静态变量在函数调用后仍然保持着原来的数据。

静态变量只会在函数第一次调用的时候被创建和初始化。

示例

/* RandomWalk
* Paul Badger 2007
* RandomWalk wanders up and down randomly between two
* endpoints. The maximum move in one loop is governed by
* the parameter "stepsize".
* A static variable is moved up and down a random amount.
* This technique is also known as "pink noise" and "drunken walk".
*/

#define randomWalkLowRange -20
#define randomWalkHighRange 20
int stepsize;

int thisTime;
int total;

void setup()
{
  Serial.begin(9600);
}

void loop()
{        //  tetst randomWalk function
  stepsize = 5;
  thisTime = randomWalk(stepsize);
  Serial.println(thisTime);
   delay(10);
}

int randomWalk(int moveSize){
  static int  place;     // variable to store value in random walk - declared static so that it stores
                         // values in between function calls, but no other functions can change its value

  place = place + (random(-moveSize, moveSize + 1));

  if (place < randomWalkLowRange){                    // check lower and upper limits
    place = place + (randomWalkLowRange - place);     // reflect number back in positive direction
  }
  else if(place > randomWalkHighRange){
    place = place - (place - randomWalkHighRange);     // reflect number back in negative direction
  }

  return place;
}

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